Gene Therapy in Mice Alters the Balance of Macrophage Phenotypes to Slow Atherosclerosis Progression

Atherosclerosis causes a sizable fraction of all deaths in our species. It is the generation of fatty deposits in blood vessel walls, distorting, narrowing, and weakening the blood vessels. This ultimately leads to the major structural failure of a stroke or heart attack, in which a vital blood vessel ruptures or is blocked. Lipids, such as cholesterols, are carried in the blood stream throughout life, associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. The innate immune cells known as macrophages are responsible for removing cholesterol from blood vessel walls via the processes of reverse cholesterol transport: macrophages ingest the cholesterol and pass it on to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which carry it back to the liver for excretion. In youth, reverse cholesterol transport keeps blood vessels in

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